AngularJS Routing

Last modified on: December 1, 2024

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<h3>AngularJS Routing: A Complete Guide</h3>
<h4>What is AngularJS Routing?</h4>
<p>Routing in AngularJS allows you to create a single-page application (SPA) by dynamically loading different views without reloading the entire page. With the <code>ngRoute</code> module, you can define routes and link them to specific templates and controllers.</p>
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<h3>Prerequisites</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Include AngularJS and <code>ngRoute</code> Library</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.3/angular.min.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.3/angular-route.min.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</code></pre>
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<li>
<p><strong>Add the <code>ngRoute</code> Module</strong>:<br />Inject the <code>ngRoute</code> module into your application:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute']);
</code></pre>
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<h3>Defining Routes</h3>
<p>Use the <code>$routeProvider</code> service to configure routes.</p>
<p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>app.config(function ($routeProvider) {
  $routeProvider
    .when('/', {
      templateUrl: 'home.html',
      controller: 'HomeController'
    })
    .when('/about', {
      templateUrl: 'about.html',
      controller: 'AboutController'
    })
    .when('/contact', {
      templateUrl: 'contact.html',
      controller: 'ContactController'
    })
    .otherwise({
      redirectTo: '/'
    });
});
</code></pre>
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<h3>Basic Application Structure</h3>
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<p><strong>Main HTML</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html ng-app="myApp"&gt;
&lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;AngularJS Routing Example&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
    &lt;a href="#/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;a href="#/about"&gt;About&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;a href="#/contact"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
  &lt;div ng-view&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.3/angular.min.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
  &lt;script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.3/angular-route.min.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
  &lt;script src="app.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
</code></pre>
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<li>
<p><strong>Templates</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>home.html</code>:
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;h1&gt;Home Page&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Welcome to the home page.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
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<li><code>about.html</code>:
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;h1&gt;About Page&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Learn more about us.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
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<li><code>contact.html</code>:
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;h1&gt;Contact Page&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact us here.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
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<li>
<p><strong>Controllers</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>app.controller('HomeController', function ($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Welcome to the Home Page!';
});

app.controller('AboutController', function ($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Learn more about us on the About Page.';
});

app.controller('ContactController', function ($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Feel free to reach out through the Contact Page.';
});
</code></pre>
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<h3>Dynamic Route Parameters</h3>
<p>You can define dynamic routes using a colon (<code>:</code>) before the parameter name.</p>
<p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>$routeProvider.when('/product/:id', {
  templateUrl: 'product.html',
  controller: 'ProductController'
});
</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Controller</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>app.controller('ProductController', function ($scope, $routeParams) {
  $scope.productId = $routeParams.id;
});
</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Template</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-markup"><code>&lt;h1&gt;Product Page&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Product ID: {{ productId }}&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
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<h3>Handling Route Changes</h3>
<p>You can listen to route changes using <code>$routeChangeStart</code> and <code>$routeChangeSuccess</code> events.</p>
<p><strong>Example</strong>:</p>
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>app.run(function ($rootScope) {
  $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function (event, next, current) {
    console.log('Route is changing...');
  });

$rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function (event, current, previous) {
    console.log('Route change successful!');
  });
});
</code></pre>
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<h3>Redirects and Defaults</h3>
<ul>
<li>Use <code>.otherwise()</code> to define a fallback route:
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<pre class="language-javascript"><code>$routeProvider.otherwise({
  redirectTo: '/'
});
</code></pre>
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<h3>Best Practices</h3>
<ol>
<li><strong>Lazy Load Templates</strong>: Keep your templates light and use components for heavy content.</li>
<li><strong>Avoid Overly Complex Routes</strong>: Keep your routes simple and structured.</li>
<li><strong>Use Route Guards</strong>: Implement authentication checks for protected routes using <code>$routeChangeStart</code>.</li>
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<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
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