C# Math

Last modified on: October 19, 2024

<h3>C# Math: Performing Mathematical Operations</h3>
<p>C# provides the <code>Math</code> class, which includes a variety of methods for performing complex mathematical operations such as exponentiation, logarithms, trigonometric functions, rounding, and more. The <code>Math</code> class is part of the <code>System</code> namespace and is widely used for scientific and financial calculations.</p>
<hr />
<h3>1. <strong>Basic Math Operations</strong></h3>
<p>C# provides built-in methods for basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The <code>Math</code> class, however, extends these capabilities with more advanced functions.</p>
<h4>Example:</h4>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>int a = 10;
int b = 3;

int sum = a + b;       // Addition
int difference = a - b; // Subtraction
int product = a * b;    // Multiplication
double quotient = (double)a / b; // Division (type cast to double for accurate result)

Console.WriteLine($"Sum: {sum}");
Console.WriteLine($"Difference: {difference}");
Console.WriteLine($"Product: {product}");
Console.WriteLine($"Quotient: {quotient}");</code></pre>
<hr />
<h3>2. <strong>Math Class Methods</strong></h3>
<p>The <code>Math</code> class contains static methods for various mathematical calculations. Below are some of the most commonly used methods in the <code>Math</code> class.</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.1. Math.Abs() - Absolute Value</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the absolute value of a number, i.e., the distance between the number and zero.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>int signValue = Math.Sign(-5);  // Result: -1
Console.WriteLine(signValue);</code></pre>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.2. Math.Pow() - Power</strong></h4>
<p>Calculates the result of raising a base number to an exponent.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double result = Math.Pow(2, 3);  // 2^3 = 8
Console.WriteLine(result);
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.3. Math.Sqrt() - Square Root</strong></h4>
<p>Finds the square root of a number.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double result = Math.Sqrt(16);  // Result: 4
Console.WriteLine(result);
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.4. Math.Max() and Math.Min()</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the larger (<code>Max</code>) or smaller (<code>Min</code>) of two numbers.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>int maxResult = Math.Max(10, 20);  // Result: 20
int minResult = Math.Min(10, 20);  // Result: 10
Console.WriteLine($"Max: {maxResult}, Min: {minResult}");</code></pre>
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<h3>C# Math: Performing Mathematical Operations</h3>
<p>C# provides the <code>Math</code> class, which includes a variety of methods for performing complex mathematical operations such as exponentiation, logarithms, trigonometric functions, rounding, and more. The <code>Math</code> class is part of the <code>System</code> namespace and is widely used for scientific and financial calculations.</p>
<hr />
<h3>1. <strong>Basic Math Operations</strong></h3>
<p>C# provides built-in methods for basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The <code>Math</code> class, however, extends these capabilities with more advanced functions.</p>
<h4>Example:</h4>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="!whitespace-pre hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">10</span>;
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> b = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;

<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> sum = a + b;       <span class="hljs-comment">// Addition</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> difference = a - b; <span class="hljs-comment">// Subtraction</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> product = a * b;    <span class="hljs-comment">// Multiplication</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> quotient = (<span class="hljs-built_in">double</span>)a / b; <span class="hljs-comment">// Division (type cast to double for accurate result)</span>

Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Sum: <span class="hljs-subst">{sum}</span>"</span>);
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Difference: <span class="hljs-subst">{difference}</span>"</span>);
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Product: <span class="hljs-subst">{product}</span>"</span>);
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Quotient: <span class="hljs-subst">{quotient}</span>"</span>);
</code></div>
</div>
<hr />
<h3>2. <strong>Math Class Methods</strong></h3>
<p>The <code>Math</code> class contains static methods for various mathematical calculations. Below are some of the most commonly used methods in the <code>Math</code> class.</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.1. Math.Abs() - Absolute Value</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the absolute value of a number, i.e., the distance between the number and zero.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="!whitespace-pre hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> result = Math.Abs(<span class="hljs-number">-10</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// Result: 10</span>
Console.WriteLine(result);
</code></div>
</div>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.2. Math.Pow() - Power</strong></h4>
<p>Calculates the result of raising a base number to an exponent.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="!whitespace-pre hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> result = Math.Pow(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// 2^3 = 8</span>
Console.WriteLine(result);
</code></div>
</div>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.3. Math.Sqrt() - Square Root</strong></h4>
<p>Finds the square root of a number.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="!whitespace-pre hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> result = Math.Sqrt(<span class="hljs-number">16</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// Result: 4</span>
Console.WriteLine(result);
</code></div>
</div>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.4. Math.Max() and Math.Min()</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the larger (<code>Max</code>) or smaller (<code>Min</code>) of two numbers.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="!whitespace-pre hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> maxResult = Math.Max(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// Result: 20</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> minResult = Math.Min(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// Result: 10</span>
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Max: <span class="hljs-subst">{maxResult}</span>, Min: <span class="hljs-subst">{minResult}</span>"</span>);
</code></div>
</div>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2.5. Math.Round()</strong></h4>
<p>Rounds a floating-point value to the nearest integer or to a specified number of decimal places.</p>
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<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double roundedValue = Math.Round(3.1459, 2);  // Result: 3.15
Console.WriteLine(roundedValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h3>3. <strong>Trigonometric Functions</strong></h3>
<p>The <code>Math</code> class includes several trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent. These methods work with angles in radians.</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>3.1. Math.Sin() - Sine of an Angle</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the sine of an angle, specified in radians.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double radians = Math.PI / 2;  // 90 degrees in radians
double sinValue = Math.Sin(radians);  // Result: 1
Console.WriteLine(sinValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>3.2. Math.Cos() - Cosine of an Angle</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the cosine of an angle, specified in radians.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double radians = Math.PI;  // 180 degrees in radians
double cosValue = Math.Cos(radians);  // Result: -1
Console.WriteLine(cosValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>3.3. Math.Tan() - Tangent of an Angle</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the tangent of an angle, specified in radians.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double radians = Math.PI / 4;  // 45 degrees in radians
double tanValue = Math.Tan(radians);  // Result: 1
Console.WriteLine(tanValue);</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h3>4. <strong>Logarithmic and Exponential Functions</strong></h3>
<p>C# provides logarithmic and exponential functions, useful for more advanced calculations.</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>4.1. Math.Log() - Natural Logarithm (Base <code>e</code>)</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double logValue = Math.Log(10);  // Natural logarithm of 10
Console.WriteLine(logValue);</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>4.2. Math.Log10() - Logarithm Base 10</strong></h4>
<p>Returns the logarithm of a number to base 10.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double log10Value = Math.Log10(1000);  // Logarithm base 10 of 1000, result: 3
Console.WriteLine(log10Value);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>4.3. Math.Exp() - Exponential (Base <code>e</code>)</strong></h4>
<p>Calculates <code>e</code> raised to the power of a specified number.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double expValue = Math.Exp(1);  // Result: 2.718 (e^1)
Console.WriteLine(expValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h3>5. <strong>Other Useful Math Methods</strong></h3>
<hr />
<h4><strong>5.1. Math.Ceiling() and Math.Floor()</strong></h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>Math.Ceiling()</strong> rounds up to the nearest integer.</li>
<li><strong>Math.Floor()</strong> rounds down to the nearest integer.</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double ceilingValue = Math.Ceiling(3.14);  // Result: 4
double floorValue = Math.Floor(3.14);  // Result: 3
Console.WriteLine($"Ceiling: {ceilingValue}, Floor: {floorValue}");
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>5.2. Math.Truncate()</strong></h4>
<p>Removes the decimal part of a number without rounding.</p>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>double truncatedValue = Math.Truncate(3.14);  // Result: 3
Console.WriteLine(truncatedValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4><strong>5.3. Math.Sign()</strong></h4>
<p>Returns:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>1</code> if the number is positive.</li>
<li><code>-1</code> if the number is negative.</li>
<li><code>0</code> if the number is zero.</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>int signValue = Math.Sign(-5);  // Result: -1
Console.WriteLine(signValue);
</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>C# provides a rich set of mathematical functions in the <code>Math</code> class, enabling you to perform a wide range of calculations. Whether you're dealing with basic arithmetic, complex trigonometry, or logarithmic functions, <code>Math</code> has the tools you need to handle mathematical operations effectively.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

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