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Configuration files overview

Last modified on: September 9, 2025

<h1 data-start="480" data-end="530">📝 Configuration Files Overview in CodeIgniter</h1>
<h2 data-start="532" data-end="569">🔎 What are Configuration Files?</h2>
<p data-start="570" data-end="676">Configuration files in CodeIgniter are used to <strong data-start="617" data-end="643">set up global settings</strong> for your application, such as:</p>
<ul data-start="677" data-end="810">
<li data-start="677" data-end="689">
<p data-start="679" data-end="689">Base URL</p>
</li>
<li data-start="690" data-end="711">
<p data-start="692" data-end="711">Database settings</p>
</li>
<li data-start="712" data-end="732">
<p data-start="714" data-end="732">Session handling</p>
</li>
<li data-start="733" data-end="756">
<p data-start="735" data-end="756">Email configuration</p>
</li>
<li data-start="757" data-end="782">
<p data-start="759" data-end="782">Autoloading resources</p>
</li>
<li data-start="783" data-end="810">
<p data-start="785" data-end="810">Security and encryption</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-start="812" data-end="903">They help you manage app behavior <strong data-start="846" data-end="875">without hardcoding values</strong> in controllers or models.</p>
<hr data-start="905" data-end="908" />
<h2 data-start="910" data-end="957">📂 1. Configuration Files in CodeIgniter 3</h2>
<p data-start="959" data-end="970">Location:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>application/config/
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 data-start="1000" data-end="1031">🔹 Important Config Files</h3>
<ol data-start="1033" data-end="2309">
<li data-start="1033" data-end="1244">
<p data-start="1036" data-end="1052"><strong data-start="1036" data-end="1050">config.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1056" data-end="1088">
<li data-start="1056" data-end="1088">
<p data-start="1058" data-end="1088">General application settings</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$config['base_url'] = 'http://localhost/ci/';
$config['index_page'] = 'index.php';
$config['encryption_key'] = 'your-secret-key';
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="1246" data-end="1495">
<p data-start="1249" data-end="1267"><strong data-start="1249" data-end="1265">database.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1271" data-end="1303">
<li data-start="1271" data-end="1303">
<p data-start="1273" data-end="1303">Database connection settings</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$db['default'] = [
    'hostname' =&gt; 'localhost',
    'username' =&gt; 'root',
    'password' =&gt; '',
    'database' =&gt; 'mydb',
    'dbdriver' =&gt; 'mysqli'
];
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="1497" data-end="1674">
<p data-start="1500" data-end="1518"><strong data-start="1500" data-end="1516">autoload.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1522" data-end="1562">
<li data-start="1522" data-end="1562">
<p data-start="1524" data-end="1562">Auto-load helpers, libraries, models</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$autoload['libraries'] = ['database', 'session'];
$autoload['helper'] = ['url', 'form'];
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="1676" data-end="1832">
<p data-start="1679" data-end="1695"><strong data-start="1679" data-end="1693">routes.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1699" data-end="1722">
<li data-start="1699" data-end="1722">
<p data-start="1701" data-end="1722">Application routing</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$route['default_controller'] = 'home';
$route['404_override'] = 'errors/page_missing';
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="1834" data-end="1952">
<p data-start="1837" data-end="1856"><strong data-start="1837" data-end="1854">constants.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1860" data-end="1889">
<li data-start="1860" data-end="1889">
<p data-start="1862" data-end="1889">Define reusable constants</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>define('SITE_NAME', 'My CodeIgniter App');
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="1954" data-end="2104">
<p data-start="1957" data-end="1972"><strong data-start="1957" data-end="1970">email.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1976" data-end="2008">
<li data-start="1976" data-end="2008">
<p data-start="1978" data-end="2008">Email protocol configuration</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$config['protocol'] = 'smtp';
$config['smtp_host'] = 'smtp.example.com';
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="2106" data-end="2309">
<p data-start="2109" data-end="2134"><strong data-start="2109" data-end="2132">custom config files</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2138" data-end="2209">
<li data-start="2138" data-end="2209">
<p data-start="2140" data-end="2209">You can create your own file in <code data-start="2172" data-end="2194">/application/config/</code> and load it:</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$this-&gt;config-&gt;load('custom_config');
echo $this-&gt;config-&gt;item('site_name');
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<hr data-start="2311" data-end="2314" />
<h2 data-start="2316" data-end="2363">📂 2. Configuration Files in CodeIgniter 4</h2>
<p data-start="2365" data-end="2376">Location:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>&lt;?php
$name = "John";
echo "Hello, " . $name; // Outputs: Hello, John
?&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-start="2398" data-end="2472">Each configuration is a <strong data-start="2422" data-end="2436">class file</strong>, following <strong data-start="2448" data-end="2469">PSR-4 autoloading</strong>.</p>
<h3 data-start="2474" data-end="2505">🔹 Important Config Files</h3>
<ol data-start="2507" data-end="4016">
<li data-start="2507" data-end="2681">
<p data-start="2510" data-end="2523"><strong data-start="2510" data-end="2521">App.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2527" data-end="2548">
<li data-start="2527" data-end="2548">
<p data-start="2529" data-end="2548">Core app settings</p>
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</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>public $baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080/';
public $indexPage = 'index.php';
public $defaultLocale = 'en';
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="2683" data-end="2951">
<p data-start="2686" data-end="2704"><strong data-start="2686" data-end="2702">Database.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2708" data-end="2732">
<li data-start="2708" data-end="2732">
<p data-start="2710" data-end="2732">Database connections</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>public $default = [
    'DSN'      =&gt; '',
    'hostname' =&gt; 'localhost',
    'username' =&gt; 'root',
    'password' =&gt; '',
    'database' =&gt; 'mydb',
    'DBDriver' =&gt; 'MySQLi',
];
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="2953" data-end="3095">
<p data-start="2956" data-end="2972"><strong data-start="2956" data-end="2970">Routes.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2976" data-end="2999">
<li data-start="2976" data-end="2999">
<p data-start="2978" data-end="2999">Routing definitions</p>
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</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$routes-&gt;get('/', 'Home::index');
$routes-&gt;get('about', 'Pages::about');
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="3097" data-end="3249">
<p data-start="3100" data-end="3118"><strong data-start="3100" data-end="3116">Autoload.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3122" data-end="3156">
<li data-start="3122" data-end="3156">
<p data-start="3124" data-end="3156">Auto-load helpers &amp; namespaces</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>public $helpers = ['url', 'form'];
public $psr4 = ['App' =&gt; APPPATH];
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="3251" data-end="3391">
<p data-start="3254" data-end="3273"><strong data-start="3254" data-end="3271">Constants.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3277" data-end="3304">
<li data-start="3277" data-end="3304">
<p data-start="3279" data-end="3304">Define global constants</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>defined('APP_NAME') || define('APP_NAME', 'My CodeIgniter 4 App');
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="3393" data-end="3530">
<p data-start="3396" data-end="3411"><strong data-start="3396" data-end="3409">Email.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3415" data-end="3441">
<li data-start="3415" data-end="3441">
<p data-start="3417" data-end="3441">Email sending settings</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>public $protocol = 'smtp';
public $SMTPHost = 'smtp.example.com';
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="3532" data-end="3677">
<p data-start="3535" data-end="3555"><strong data-start="3535" data-end="3553">Validation.php</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3559" data-end="3598">
<li data-start="3559" data-end="3598">
<p data-start="3561" data-end="3598">Validation rules and error messages</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div class="bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs">
<pre class="language-php"><code>public $ruleSets = [\CodeIgniter\Validation\Rules::class];
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li data-start="3679" data-end="4016">
<p data-start="3682" data-end="3701"><strong data-start="3682" data-end="3699">Custom Config</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3705" data-end="3742">
<li data-start="3705" data-end="3742">
<p data-start="3707" data-end="3742">Create <code data-start="3714" data-end="3739">app/Config/MyConfig.php</code>:</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>namespace Config;

use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;

class MyConfig extends BaseConfig {
    public $siteName = "My Website";
}
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul data-start="3908" data-end="3935">
<li data-start="3908" data-end="3935">
<p data-start="3910" data-end="3935">Use it in a controller:</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$config = new \Config\MyConfig();
echo $config-&gt;siteName;
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<hr data-start="4018" data-end="4021" />
<h2 data-start="4023" data-end="4054">📊 CI3 vs CI4 Config Files</h2>
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<div class="_tableWrapper_1rjym_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse" tabindex="-1">
<table class="w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)" data-start="4056" data-end="4797">
<thead data-start="4056" data-end="4161">
<tr data-start="4056" data-end="4161">
<th data-start="4056" data-end="4078" data-col-size="sm">Feature</th>
<th data-start="4078" data-end="4118" data-col-size="sm">CodeIgniter 3</th>
<th data-start="4118" data-end="4161" data-col-size="sm">CodeIgniter 4</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody data-start="4268" data-end="4797">
<tr data-start="4268" data-end="4373">
<td data-start="4268" data-end="4290" data-col-size="sm">Location</td>
<td data-start="4290" data-end="4330" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4292" data-end="4313">application/config/</code></td>
<td data-start="4330" data-end="4373" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4332" data-end="4345">app/Config/</code></td>
</tr>
<tr data-start="4374" data-end="4479">
<td data-start="4374" data-end="4396" data-col-size="sm">Structure</td>
<td data-start="4396" data-end="4436" data-col-size="sm">Array-based config (<code data-start="4418" data-end="4429">$config[]</code>)</td>
<td data-start="4436" data-end="4479" data-col-size="sm">Class-based config (<code data-start="4458" data-end="4476">public $property</code>)</td>
</tr>
<tr data-start="4480" data-end="4585">
<td data-start="4480" data-end="4502" data-col-size="sm">Custom Config</td>
<td data-start="4502" data-end="4542" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4504" data-end="4533">$this-&gt;config-&gt;load('file')</code></td>
<td data-start="4542" data-end="4585" data-col-size="sm">Create <code data-start="4551" data-end="4568">Config\MyConfig</code> class</td>
</tr>
<tr data-start="4586" data-end="4691">
<td data-start="4586" data-end="4608" data-col-size="sm">Autoload Resources</td>
<td data-start="4608" data-end="4648" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4610" data-end="4624">autoload.php</code></td>
<td data-start="4648" data-end="4691" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4650" data-end="4664">Autoload.php</code></td>
</tr>
<tr data-start="4692" data-end="4797">
<td data-start="4692" data-end="4714" data-col-size="sm">Constants</td>
<td data-start="4714" data-end="4754" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4716" data-end="4731">constants.php</code></td>
<td data-start="4754" data-end="4797" data-col-size="sm"><code data-start="4756" data-end="4771">Constants.php</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<hr data-start="4799" data-end="4802" />
<h2 data-start="4804" data-end="4826">🎯 Best Practices</h2>
<ol data-start="4828" data-end="5213">
<li data-start="4828" data-end="4915">
<p data-start="4831" data-end="4915"><strong data-start="4831" data-end="4868">Keep environment configs separate</strong> &ndash; Use <code data-start="4875" data-end="4881">.env</code> file in CI4 for DB, email, etc.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="4916" data-end="5002">
<p data-start="4919" data-end="5002"><strong data-start="4919" data-end="4949">Never hardcode credentials</strong> &ndash; Keep passwords and keys outside version control.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5003" data-end="5066">
<p data-start="5006" data-end="5066"><strong data-start="5006" data-end="5033">Use custom config files</strong> for project-specific settings.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5067" data-end="5142">
<p data-start="5070" data-end="5142"><strong data-start="5070" data-end="5099">Follow naming conventions</strong> &rarr; PascalCase class names in CI4 configs.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5143" data-end="5213">
<p data-start="5146" data-end="5213"><strong data-start="5146" data-end="5181">Use Constants for global values</strong> &rarr; Helps with maintainability.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<hr data-start="5215" data-end="5218" />
<h2 data-start="5220" data-end="5237">✅ Conclusion</h2>
<ul data-start="5239" data-end="5519">
<li data-start="5239" data-end="5348">
<p data-start="5241" data-end="5348">CodeIgniter config files store global app settings like <strong data-start="5297" data-end="5345">URLs, DB, sessions, routes, email, constants</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5349" data-end="5390">
<p data-start="5351" data-end="5390"><strong data-start="5351" data-end="5358">CI3</strong> uses <strong data-start="5364" data-end="5387">array-based configs</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5391" data-end="5443">
<p data-start="5393" data-end="5443"><strong data-start="5393" data-end="5400">CI4</strong> uses <strong data-start="5406" data-end="5429">class-based configs</strong> with PSR-4.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="5444" data-end="5519">
<p data-start="5446" data-end="5519">You can also create <strong data-start="5466" data-end="5489">custom config files</strong> for project-specific needs.</p>
</li>
</ul>

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