PHP Operators

Last modified on: October 19, 2024

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<h3>PHP Operators</h3>
<p>Operators in PHP are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. They can be categorized into several types, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, and more.</p>
<h4>1. <strong>Arithmetic Operators</strong></h4>
<p>These operators perform mathematical calculations.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operator</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>+</code></td>
<td>Addition</td>
<td><code>$a + $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-</code></td>
<td>Subtraction</td>
<td><code>$a - $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>*</code></td>
<td>Multiplication</td>
<td><code>$a * $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/</code></td>
<td>Division</td>
<td><code>$a / $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%</code></td>
<td>Modulus (remainder)</td>
<td><code>$a % $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>**</code></td>
<td>Exponentiation</td>
<td><code>$a ** $b</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = 10;
$b = 3;
echo $a + $b; // Output: 13
echo $a / $b; // Output: 3.333...</code></pre>
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</div>
<h4>2. <strong>Assignment Operators</strong></h4>
<p>These operators assign values to variables.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operator</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>=</code></td>
<td>Assign value</td>
<td><code>$a = 10;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>+=</code></td>
<td>Add and assign</td>
<td><code>$a += 5;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-=</code></td>
<td>Subtract and assign</td>
<td><code>$a -= 2;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>*=</code></td>
<td>Multiply and assign</td>
<td><code>$a *= 2;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/=</code></td>
<td>Divide and assign</td>
<td><code>$a /= 2;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>%=</code></td>
<td>Modulus and assign</td>
<td><code>$a %= 3;</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = 10;
$a += 5; // $a is now 15
echo $a; // Output: 15</code></pre>
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<h4>3. <strong>Comparison Operators</strong></h4>
<p>These operators compare two values and return a boolean result.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operator</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>==</code></td>
<td>Equal</td>
<td><code>$a == $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>===</code></td>
<td>Identical (equal type)</td>
<td><code>$a === $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>!=</code></td>
<td>Not equal</td>
<td><code>$a != $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>!==</code></td>
<td>Not identical</td>
<td><code>$a !== $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&lt;</code></td>
<td>Less than</td>
<td><code>$a &lt; $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&gt;</code></td>
<td>Greater than</td>
<td><code>$a &gt; $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&lt;=</code></td>
<td>Less than or equal to</td>
<td><code>$a &lt;= $b</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&gt;=</code></td>
<td>Greater than or equal to</td>
<td><code>$a &gt;= $b</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = 5;
$b = 10;
var_dump($a &lt; $b); // Output: bool(true)</code></pre>
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</div>
<h4>4. <strong>Logical Operators</strong></h4>
<p>These operators are used to combine conditional statements.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operator</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td>
<td>Logical AND</td>
<td><code>($a &amp;&amp; $b)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>`</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>`</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>!</code></td>
<td>Logical NOT</td>
<td><code>!$a</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = true;
$b = false;
var_dump($a &amp;&amp; $b); // Output: bool(false)</code></pre>
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<h4>5. <strong>Increment and Decrement Operators</strong></h4>
<p>These operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operator</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>++</code></td>
<td>Increment</td>
<td><code>++$a</code> or <code>$a++</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>--</code></td>
<td>Decrement</td>
<td><code>--$a</code> or <code>$a--</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = 5;
$a++; // Increment $a by 1
echo $a; // Output: 6</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h4>6. <strong>Ternary Operator</strong></h4>
<p>This is a shorthand for an <code>if-else</code> statement.</p>
<p><strong>Syntax:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false;</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$a = 10;
$result = ($a &gt; 5) ? 'Greater than 5' : 'Less than or equal to 5';
echo $result; // Output: Greater than 5</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
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