SQL Insert Into

Last modified on: December 2, 2024

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<h3><strong>SQL INSERT INTO Statement: A Complete Guide</strong></h3>
<h4><strong>What is the SQL INSERT INTO Statement?</strong></h4>
<p>The <strong><code>INSERT INTO</code></strong> statement in SQL is used to add new rows of data into a table. You can insert data into all columns or specific columns of a table.</p>
<hr />
<h3><strong>Syntax</strong></h3>
<h4><strong>1. Insert into All Columns</strong></h4>
<p>If you are inserting data into all columns of a table, ensure the values match the column order:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO table_name 
VALUES (value1, value2, ...);
</code></pre>
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<h4><strong>2. Insert into Specific Columns</strong></h4>
<p>If you only want to insert data into specific columns:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)
VALUES (value1, value2, ...);
</code></pre>
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<hr />
<h3><strong>Examples of INSERT INTO</strong></h3>
<h4><strong>1. Insert into All Columns</strong></h4>
<p>Assume we have a table named <code>employees</code>:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>position</th>
<th>salary</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>Manager</td>
<td>75000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>Analyst</td>
<td>60000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Add a new employee with all column values specified:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO employees 
VALUES (3, 'Alice Brown', 'Developer', 55000);
</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Result:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>position</th>
<th>salary</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>Manager</td>
<td>75000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>Analyst</td>
<td>60000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Alice Brown</td>
<td>Developer</td>
<td>55000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h4><strong>2. Insert into Specific Columns</strong></h4>
<p>Add a new employee with only the <code>name</code> and <code>position</code> specified:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO employees (name, position) 
VALUES ('Bob Green', 'Intern');
</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Result:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>position</th>
<th>salary</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>Manager</td>
<td>75000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>Analyst</td>
<td>60000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Alice Brown</td>
<td>Developer</td>
<td>55000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Bob Green</td>
<td>Intern</td>
<td>NULL</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h4><strong>3. Insert Multiple Rows</strong></h4>
<p>Insert multiple records in a single query:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO employees (name, position, salary)
VALUES 
('Carol White', 'Designer', 50000),
('Dave Black', 'Developer', 62000);
</code></pre>
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</div>
</div>
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<p><strong>Result:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>position</th>
<th>salary</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>Manager</td>
<td>75000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>Analyst</td>
<td>60000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Alice Brown</td>
<td>Developer</td>
<td>55000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Bob Green</td>
<td>Intern</td>
<td>NULL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Carol White</td>
<td>Designer</td>
<td>50000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Dave Black</td>
<td>Developer</td>
<td>62000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h4><strong>4. Insert Data from Another Table</strong></h4>
<p>Copy data from one table to another:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>INSERT INTO archived_employees (id, name, position, salary)
SELECT id, name, position, salary 
FROM employees 
WHERE position = 'Intern';
</code></pre>
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<hr />
<h3><strong>Tips for Using INSERT INTO</strong></h3>
<ol>
<li><strong>Check for Data Type Compatibility</strong>: Ensure the values match the column data types.</li>
<li><strong>Handle NULLs Properly</strong>: If a column allows NULL, you can omit it in the <code>INSERT</code> statement.</li>
<li><strong>Use Transactions</strong>: For critical operations, wrap your <code>INSERT</code> in a transaction to prevent data inconsistency.</li>
<li><strong>Avoid Errors</strong>: If you're inserting into an auto-increment column (like <code>id</code>), exclude it from the query unless explicitly needed.</li>
</ol>
<hr />
<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
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