Python 3

Last modified on: October 19, 2024

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<h2 class="relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8">Python 3 Overview</h2>
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<p>Python 3 is the latest major version of Python, a powerful, high-level programming language known for its simplicity and versatility. It introduced significant changes over Python 2, with a focus on improving language consistency, reducing ambiguity, and making it easier to develop and maintain large-scale projects.</p>
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<h3>Key Features of Python 3</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Improved Syntax</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Python 3 introduces more intuitive and readable syntax changes, such as the use of <code>print()</code> as a function:
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<pre class="language-python"><code># Python 3 print function
print("Hello, World!")  # Output: Hello, World!
</code></pre>
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</li>
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</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Unicode Support</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>All strings are Unicode by default in Python 3, making it easier to handle text from different languages and character sets.
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<pre class="language-python"><code>my_string = "こんにちは"  # Japanese for Hello
print(my_string)  # Output: こんにちは
</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
<p><strong>Better Integer Division</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Python 3 makes integer division more predictable. Dividing two integers will always return a float:
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<pre class="language-python"><code>print(5 / 2)  # Output: 2.5
print(5 // 2)  # Output: 2 (integer division)
</code></pre>
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</li>
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<p><strong>New Standard Library Modules</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Python 3 includes new and updated libraries that provide advanced functionality, such as <code>asyncio</code> for asynchronous programming and <code>pathlib</code> for easier file path manipulation.</li>
</ul>
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<li>
<p><strong>Type Annotations</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Python 3 introduces optional type annotations, making it easier to write self-documenting code and allowing for better type checking:
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<pre class="language-python"><code>def add(a: int, b: int) -&gt; int:
    return a + b
</code></pre>
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</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Improved Exception Handling</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>In Python 3, exceptions are handled using the <code>as</code> keyword, making error handling more explicit:
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<pre class="language-python"><code>try:
    x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print("Error:", e)
</code></pre>
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<h3>Python 2 vs. Python 3</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Print Function</strong>: In Python 2, <code>print</code> was a statement; in Python 3, it is a function.</li>
<li><strong>Unicode</strong>: Python 2 strings were ASCII by default, while Python 3 uses Unicode by default.</li>
<li><strong>Division</strong>: Integer division behavior differs between the two versions.</li>
<li><strong>Libraries</strong>: Python 3 has better library support and many modern libraries are designed with Python 3 in mind.</li>
</ul>
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<h3>Python 3 Installation</h3>
<p>To get started with Python 3:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Download Python 3</strong> from the official website: <a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/" target="_new" rel="noopener">python.org/downloads</a></li>
<li><strong>Install Python 3</strong>: Follow the installer instructions for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).</li>
<li><strong>Verify Installation</strong>: Check the Python version by running the following command in your terminal or command prompt:
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<pre class="language-python"><code>python3 --version
</code></pre>
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<h3>Why Use Python 3?</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Active Support</strong>: Python 3 is the only version receiving official support and updates.</li>
<li><strong>Performance</strong>: Python 3 includes optimizations and improvements that make it faster and more efficient.</li>
<li><strong>Future-Proofing</strong>: Python 3 is the future of Python, and Python 2 is no longer maintained.</li>
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<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
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