Python Tutorial

Python Tutorial Overview

This Python tutorial is designed to introduce you to the basics of Python programming. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your skills, this guide covers essential topics to get you started.

1. Getting Started with Python

• Installation: Download and install Python from python.org.
• Running Python: Use the command line (or terminal) to run Python scripts. You can also use an IDE like PyCharm or a text editor like Visual Studio Code.

2. Basic Syntax

• Hello, World!

  print("Hello, World!")

• Comments: Use # for single-line comments and ''' or """ for multi-line comments.

  # This is a comment

3. Variables and Data Types

• Variables: Assign values to variables using the = operator.

  name = "Alice"
  age = 30

• Data Types: Common types include:

  • Strings: str
  • Integers: int
  • Floats: float
  • Booleans: bool

4. Basic Operators

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, // (floor division), % (modulus), ** (exponentiation).

  sum = 5 + 3  # 8

• Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.

5. Control Structures

• If Statements:

  if age >= 18:
      print("Adult")
  else:
      print("Minor")

• Loops:

  • For Loop:

    for i in range(5):
        print(i)  # Outputs 0 to 4

  • While Loop:

    count = 0
    while count < 5:
        print(count)
        count += 1
    

6. Functions

• Defining Functions:

  def greet(name):
      return f"Hello, {name}!"
  
  print(greet("Alice"))  # Output: Hello, Alice

7. Data Structures

• Lists: Ordered and mutable collections.

  fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

• Tuples: Ordered and immutable collections.

  print("Hello, World!")

• Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.

  person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

• Sets: Unordered collections of unique items.

  unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3}

8. File Handling

• Reading from a File:

  with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
      content = file.read()

• Writing to a File:

  with open('file.txt', 'w') as file:
      file.write("Hello, World!")

   

9. Error Handling

• Try and Except:

  try:
      result = 10 / 0
  except ZeroDivisionError:
      print("Cannot divide by zero!")

10. Modules and Packages

• Importing Modules:

  import math
  print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

   
  Creating Your Own Module: Create a Python file (e.g., mymodule.py) and define functions. You can import it into another script.